Wed Jan 7 & Thurs Jan 8: MOVIES

REMINDER ABOUT THE SCHEDULE FOR JANUARY 2015.

Monday Jan 5: 119 Listening and Pronunciation (as normal)
Wednesday Jan 7: Reading and Writing--combined class 
**Students in Oral Communication who normally attend on Wednesdays because they have other classes on Thurs please attend this Wednesday; your speech is still due **
Wednesday Jan 7 1-4pm: 119 Listening and Pronunciation make up class
Thursday Jan 8: Oral Communication --combined class (topic: Movies. Speeches due)

Monday Jan 12: 119 Listening and Pronunciation (as normal) **Essay assignment due**
Wednesday 14 January: 123 Oral Communication combined class DREAMS
Thursday Jan 15: Reading and Writing--combined class (Prof. Lola)

If you have any questions about the schedule, please contact me or post in the comments below.

MOVIE VOCABULARY
Genre: a type or kind of movie; genres include comedy, horror, thriller, sci-fi, documentary...
Director: the person responsible for the artistic side of making a movie
Producer: the person responsible for the business side of making a movie
Blockbuster: a very successful movie which makes a lot of money
Flop: a movie that doesn't do well at the box office/does not make a lot of money
Trailer: a short advertisement or preview of a movie
Matinee: a movie shown in the daytime

The topic for the next Oral Communication class will be MOVIES. This is also the topic of your speech assignment. You may give a speech on any subject related to movies, but please don't just summarize the plot of a single movie. Some ideas include:
-favourite movies, favourite genres of movies
-famous actors, actresses, and/or directors and their careers
-special effects in movies
-music in movies
-movies based on books
-awards for movies
-history of movies
-animation
-movie mistakes

Please also make sure that the speech is your own work, not something copied off the internet/books etc. Be sure to prepare your speech and practice it before class. 


For class discussion, please consider the following:

• Do you have a favourite movie? A favourite actor, actress, or director? Why do you like their work?
• How often do you watch movies? How often do you go to the cinema? Is there a difference between watching a movie at home and at the cinema? Which do you prefer?

The BBC Archive's Hollywood Voices collection offers interviews with the stars of the 'golden age' of Hollywood, including Katherine Hepburn, Cary Grant and Alfred Hitchcock: http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/hollywood/

Many movies today are offered in 'regular' and 3-D versions. Do you ever watch black and white films? How does the format affect your experience viewing the movie? An article fromThe Guardian discusses these, and other, issues:http://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/may/30/john-patterson-black-white-films

Wednesday December 17: 12:30 - 3:30 BOOKS

**Please note that both classes will meet together for this class. This special afternoon class replaces the class cancelled on December 24/25. **

The discussion topic for this class is BOOKS. Please think about the following questions, and also add your own ideas in the comments. People selected in the previous class to bring an article or special topic to tell us about will be asked to do so during the class.

Best books

• What is your favourite book? Why do you like it? 
• Who is your favourite author? 
• How do you decide what to read? Do you follow 'best books' lists or lists of award winners?
• How do you get your books? Do you buy books, read e-books, download books or visit the library?
• Are you a big reader? How many books would you say you read in 1 year? Do you prefer to read other things? What do you read, and when?

Everyone should also come prepared to discuss their 'must-read lists', that is, which books do you think are important for everyone to read in their life? Why did you choose those books? 

There are many, many readings list of recommended books: award winners, 'must read' books, top 10 lists, etc. If you were making your own list of books you think everyone should read, what would be on it? Links to other book lists are found here:

BBC Big Read (100 Favourite books list). How many have you read?  http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100.shtml

GoodReads contributors have put together tons of book lists, from Best Young Adult Books, to Best Non-Fiction to Best Vampire Books. http://www.goodreads.com/list/tag/best

Browse The New York Times best-seller lists here: http://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/overview.html

Some additional topics and articles that may be of interest:

**With each new technology that has changed or challenged books (radio, tv, the internet, ebooks) people have been predicting 'the end of books' or 'the end of print.' Do you think that people will ever stop reading books on paper? Why or why not?

**Do you visit libraries regularly? Why or why not? What role do they serve in a city or a society?

Changing role of libraries (from Encyclopedia Britannica) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/339421/library

Here's what the American Library Association (ALA) has to say on the matter: http://www.ala.org/research/librariesmatter/taxonomy/term/143

Are libraries outdated? British author Terry Deary thinks so: http://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/feb/13/libraries-horrible-histories-terry-deary

Kafka had this to say about how good books should affect us; what do you think? http://www.brainpickings.org/2014/06/06/kafka-on-books-and-reading/

Wednesday December 17: 9 - 12: CITIES

**Please note: groups A and B will meet together for this class. We will also meet again from 12:30 - 3:30 on December 17. **

 

The topic for this class is CITIES. Please consider the following issues; add your links, questions and suggestions in the comments below.

Liveable Cities

What makes a city good to live in? There are many surveys that look at various factors that make a city better or worse to live in, such as traffic, cost of housing, pollution, available green space. What characteristics would be important for you when deciding where to live? What about in 10 years? When you are ready to retire?

Here are links to some recent 'Best cities' reports: 

The Economist (2014): http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2014/08/daily-chart-13

Huffington Post (2013): http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/28/worlds-most-liveable-cities-2013_n_3831701.html 

For those of you who grew up in a city, what do you like about your city? What do you dislike?

Urban vs Rural

Which do you prefer: country life or city life? Why? What are the advantages and disadvantages to urban and rural living?

This article from the BBC explores the differences between the two: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-13617401

UN Habitat publishes 'The State of the World's Cities' about urban issues; some information about their findings are available here: http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=48240#.VIdOryii22Q

 

World-Famous Cities

What is the most interesting city you have ever visited? What did you like about it? Where would you visit if you had the chance? Why? What makes a city 'world-class'?

Which of these top-25 destination cities would you like to visit? http://news.distractify.com/culture/trip-advisor-top-cities/?v=1

https://www.yahoo.com/travel/the-most-visited-cities-in-the-world-might-surprise-you-91954242582.html

EDUCATION: Wed December 10 2014

There are many different systems of education around the world. Think about your experience as a student: what did you like and dislike about your primary, secondary and post-secondary schools? What would you change about school to make it better--both for teachers and for students.

Finland
According to international rankings, Finland is often said to have the best education system in the world.

Do you think you would enjoy going to school there?

What is different from your experience?

Why do you think they are so highly ranked?

You can access the article here: http://www.businessinsider.com/finland-education-school-2011-12?op=1


Please add your comments below and come to class ready to discuss this article, and other issues related to schools and education.

MIDTERM EXAMS

Here is some information and dates about the midterm exams and the schedule for the next few weeks:

The midterm exam will be held in 2 parts. It will cover all the class materials from the start of the term until November 26/27: 

• Speaking English with confidence
• English slang and expressions
• Video games and technology
• Travel
• The supernatural
• Sports
• World cultures

You are responsible for both the specific vocabulary words covered in class for each topic, as well as general information about each topic that you could discuss independently.

Exam Part 1: Wednesday December 3, 9am  Room 204: Written part of the exam to test vocabulary. If you missed any classes, be sure to get the vocabulary words from someone who was there.

Exam Part II: Wednesday December 10, 9-10am (Group A) and Thursday December 11, 9-10:15am (Group B): Speaking

Students will select, at random, a question related to one of the 7 class discussion topics and then talk to the instructor about it. Your grade will be based on your vocabulary, fluency, grammar and comprehension of the material. 

A schedule for the speaking exams will be posted outside the door in advance of the speaking exam dates; please be on time. Regular class will resume after the speaking exams are finished (10am). The topic for hours 2 & 3 on December 10/11 will be EDUCATION. Please refer to the website post for that topic to prepare.

If you have any questions about the midterms for this class please leave a comment below.

Good luck with your studying.

Schedule updates

Here is the class schedule for 119 and 123 A/B until the end of December:
December 2014

	1 Midterm 119 Listening & pronunciation	2	3 Midterm 123 Part 1: Written 9am, Rm 204	4	5	6
7	8 119 regular class	9	10    123 Midterm Part 2 A 9-10am	11    123 Midterm Part 2 B 9-10am	12	13
14	15 119 regular class	16	17 Combined class A & B 9-12 Combined class A & B 12:30 - 3	18	19	20
21	22 119 cancelled *make-up class in January*	23	24 123A cancelled	25 123B cancelled	26	27
28	29        119 cancelled	30	31 123A cancelled	1 (NEW     YEAR	2 HOLIDAYS)

Wednesday November 19 : WORLD CULTURES / UNUSUAL CUSTOMS

The next discussion topic concerns cultures and cultural practices from around the world. If you were selected at the end of last class to bring an article, please remember to find an article on this topic that you find interesting to talk about with the class (you do not need to read it to the class, but should tell us about it and why you chose it).

Do you know of any places/societies that have unusual customs relating to food, celebrations, dress etc?

If you think of your own culture, can you think of any habits or customs that might be considered strange by people from another culture?

Please post your ideas, comments and links in the comments below in advance of next week's class.

Here are some ideas to get you started; do a bit of research and see if you can discover what these foods and traditions are and where they come from.  PLEASE COME PREPARED TO EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING CUSTOMS AND DISCUSS THEM IN CLASS!

• La Tomatina
• Buzkashi
• Foot binding
• Haggis
• Polar Bear Swim
• Holi

Also: Strange laws from around the world: http://tvblogs.nationalgeographic.com/2012/04/25/strange-laws-from-around-the-world/

And another strange law, this one in the US, mentioned in a recent news article from Canada: http://www.ctvnews.ca/u-s-reminds-easter-travellers-kinder-eggs-are-banned-1.634973

Wednesday November 19 : SPORTS

The next topic for class discussion is sports. Students selected at the end of the last class need to bring in an article about anything to do with sports that they can summarize and/or discuss in class. The rest of the class should add their ideas and suggestions in the comments below, and also consider these questions:

• Do you play a sport? What is your favourite? If you could learn to do one sport really well, what would it be?

Professional Sports

• What do you think about the salaries of professional athletes? Should they be paid so much money? Why are they paid so much money?
• Could women play on men's sports teams? An article from ESPN explores this issue: http://espn.go.com/espnw/news-opinion/6495612/women-pro-sports-women-play-men

Extreme Sports

• Why do you think some people enjoy extreme sports? Have you tried any? If you could try an extreme sport, which one would you choose? Do any of these interest you? http://www.outdoor-sport-leisure.net/extreme-sports.htm
• See what Forbes magazine has to say about extreme sports: http://www.forbes.com/2002/08/07/0807sport.html

Playing sports vs Spectator Sports

• What is your favourite sport to play? To watch? Do you have favourite teams?
• Why do you think some people get so involved with and excited about sports teams?

Is it a sport?

• What makes something a sport? Do you consider any of the following 'real' sports:
• Auto racing
• Professional wrestling
• Ballroom dancing
• Golf
• Trampoline
• Equestrian

Wednesday November 12: SUPERNATURAL EVENTS

This week's discussion topic is the supernatural. Consider the following topics/articles as you prepare for class:

• Has anything strange or unexplainable ever happened to you or someone you know? What do you think caused it? Have you ever experienced deja vu or strange coincidences?

MIRACLES

• Do you think miracles happen in real life, or just in the movies? What makes something a miracle?

• A news story about a boy who recovered after a near-drowning explores the psychology of how people understand miracles: http://news.discovery.com/human/psychology/drowned-boy-miracles-110812.htm

WORLD MYSTERIES

• How did ancient people built giant structures without modern equipment? Why were they built? What is your opinion on these structures:

• Pyramids at Giza (Egypt) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/pyramid/explore/

• Stonehenge (England)  http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/daysout/properties/stonehenge/

• Nasca Lines (Peru) http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology/nasca-lines/

• Moai giant stone heads (Rapa Nui/Easter Island, Chile) http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/world-heritage/easter-island/

• Step pyramids (Chichen Itza, Mexico) http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/world-heritage/chichen-itza/

• Giant stone spheres (Bosnia and Costa Rica):  http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/picks-from-the-past/191353/prehistoric-stone-balls-a-mystery
• http://www.philipcoppens.com/spheres.html

ALIENS AND UFOs

• Is Earth the only planet that supports intelligent life? Are there aliens living somewhere else in the universe? Have a look at some of these articles about mysterious occurrences related to UFOs:

• Strange lights: http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/episodes/mystery-lights/

• Do you believe any of these 'alien sightings'? http://www.sciencechannel.com/aliens-space/10-alien-sightings.htm

Read this article by a travel writer about his stay in a hotel in Prague. What do you think was going on? What would you do if something like this happened to you?

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/travel/destinations/my-hotel-room-was-perfect-except-for-the-unseen-visitor/article21394462/

Please post your ideas, links, comments and suggestions for discussion in the comments below.

Wed November 5: TRAVEL + 1st Speech Assignment

The discussion topic for this week will be TRAVEL. It is also the date for the first speech assignment; students will present their speeches during the first hour of class. You can find more information about the speech assignment in the Speech Assignment #1 posting.

Topics to consider:

• If you won a free trip anywhere in the world, where would you go? Why did you pick that location? What would you like to see there?

• What is the best trip you've ever been on? What made it so special?

• Have you had any travel disasters? What happened? 

Travel QuotesThere are many famous quotations from famous people on the subject of travel. What are your thoughts on these quotations? Try to find more travel quotes to share with the class.

"There ain’t no surer way to find out whether you like people or hate them than to travel with them" Mark Twain 

“Did you ever notice that the first piece of luggage on the carousel never belongs to anyone?”  Erma Bombeck

“Travel is the only context in which some people ever look around. If we spent half the energy looking at our own neighborhoods, we'd probably learn twice as much.”  Lucy R. Lippard in On the Beaten Track: Tourism, Art and Place

Working/Living AbroadHave you ever worked or lived in another country?If you had a chance to work or live abroad, would you take it?What do people need to consider before moving?How can people more easily adapt to a new country?

Articles

The Lonely Planet founder explains why he thinks travel is very important:http://www.lonelyplanet.com/blog/2011/09/14/tony-wheeler-why-travel-is-more-important-than-ever/#ixzz2jnYyFOjB

The BBC Travel section features articles and fabulous photos of destinations around the world: http://www.bbc.com/travel

National Geographic Traveler's website includes photos, lists of places and events to see and travelogues about a variety of destinations: http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/

Speech assignment #1: Wednesday November 5

The first speech assignment is coming up on November 5 for group A. There will be another speech assignment after the midterm. Each speech is worth 10% of your final mark for the class.

Requirements:

• Speeches should be between 3 and 5 minutes; time yourself when you are practicing so your speech is not too long or too short
• Please do not use Powerpoint or other presentations, pictures, posters etc; you are only marked on your speech
• Speeches must be your own work. Of course you can do research and include the information and/or quotes you find, but put everything in your own words and, where possible, state where the information comes from. Plagiarism is a very serious offence and will get you a mark of ZERO.
• The topic of the first speech is TRAVEL. You may focus on any aspect of the topic that you wish. 

Tips for a successful speech

• Try to talk about something that you are interested in. Your speech will be more interesting to listen to if you are interested in what you are talking about.
• Prepare in advance. Don't wait til the last minute; there aren't many people who can just make up a good speech with no preparation.
• Practice your speech. Find a practice audience and say your speech out loud for them; pay attention to their feedback and comments in order to make your speech better.

Marking

All speeches are marked out of 10 point:

Grammar/Organization   4

Details/Description        4

Overall presentation      2

If you have any questions about the assignment, please ask during the next class. 

If you will not be in class on November 5, please make arrangements in advance to give your speech at another time.

Wednesday 29 October: Technology and Video Games

The discussion topic for the next class is Technology and Video Games. Some points to consider:

• What sorts of technology do you find most useful? What 3 technological inventions could you not live without, and why?
• Think about the technology you use now compared to the things you used when you were a child. What are the main differences between technology that is important to you and what was important to your parents, or your grandparents. How was life different? Easier? More difficult? between 'then' and now?
• How often do you use the Internet? What do you use it (and computers/tablets/smart phones) for in a typical day?
• What are some positive and negative results of having so much technology in our lives?
• How has the Internet changed how people live? What are the advantages and disadvantages?

• Do you play video games? Which are your favourites? Are video games 'useful' or 'educational' or something just for fun?
• Are video games a sport? Why or why not?

Please have a look at the following article(s) and add your own:

The Internet is 25 years old: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/09/25-years-web-tim-berners-lee

Are video games good for children?

Yes, says this article from Psychology Today: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/freedom-learn/201201/the-many-benefits-kids-playing-video-games

No, according to this article in The Telegraph newspaper: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/children_shealth/8825655/Video-games-can-alter-childrens-brains.html

What are the most important technological advances in history? Scientific American looks back at what people were saying on this topic in 1913. What do you think of their top 10 lists?

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/inventions-what-are-the-10-greatest-of-our-time/

Wed October 22: English Slang and Expressions

There are now 2 groups for 123 Oral Communication. Students will also attend 117 Reading and Writing with the same group. 

Group A meet for Oral Communication on Wednesdays from 9 -12 and Reading and Writing on Thursdays from 9 - 12. 

**If you do not yet have a group, or have questions or concerns about the group you have been placed in, please speak to an instructor. 

**Retakers and students from other faculties, please make sure that your group schedule fits with the rest of your class schedule. It is important that everyone is able to attend classes regularly and is comfortable with their group in order to participate fully.

Group A

Ajla Hodzic

Amir Pecenkovic

Ammar Talic

Amar Bradaric

Esra Kamber

Maria Almallah

Naida Kadic

Nada Durakovic

Sladan Veselinovic

Furkan Yigit

Semin Malanovic

Mikdat Karpuz

The class discussion topic will be English slang and expressions. To prepare for class, please consider:

*Where does slang come from? How does it develop? What does it add to a language (if anything)?

*Do you have any favourite English expressions/idioms/slang terms? Why do you like them?

*When you were learning English, were there any expressions or saying you found difficult to understand?

*Please think of 3 slang terms/idioms/expressions in English, and their meanings, to share with the class.

Further reading:

Dictionary of English slang: consult this site for British English slang terms and expressions: http://www.peevish.co.uk/slang/

The Oxford English Dictionary's blog talks about prison slang, as heard in the Shawshank Redemption: http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2014/10/fresh-fish-stir-shawshank-redemption-prison-slang/


The Oxford English Dictionary is constantly updated as new words are added to the English language. This blog post discusses some of the newest additions and how they are chosen: http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2014/08/oxford-dictionaries-update-august-2014/


The Free Dictionary features an 'idiom browser' that will define hundreds of English idioms and expressions. How many do you know? How many do you use? http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/american

Please add any sites or links to pages about English slang and expression that you find interesting.

Class 1: Monday October 13: Speaking English with Confidence

In the first class we'll be doing some introduction, as well as discussing English classes and speaking English in general. To prepare, think about past English (or other language) classes you have taken and how you have learned to speak English.

•  What sort of activities or practice have you done?
• Which have worked? Which haven't? 
• What advice would you give someone who wants to improve their spoken English?
• Do you like speaking in public? What advice do you have to make it easier?
• Is there a difference between speaking in public in your native language and speaking in public in English?

We will also talk about Second Language Anxiety. Here are a few readings on the topic. Has this ever applied to you? To anyone you know? What can be done to overcome it?
This list of tips from Psychology Today magazine is targeted specifically at introverts:
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/quiet-the-power-introverts/201107/10-public-speaking-tips-introverts

There has been a great deal of academic research into 'second language anxiety'. Chapter 6 of Voices from the Language Classroom deals with this issue. Do the research and observations match your own experiences in language classrooms? What can teachers do to help students participate more in language classes? http://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=FBPAKfZW_TUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA145&dq=second+language+anxiety&ots=cbrRLQZPNb&sig=g-ACdkIFVcUF-MWVNMlxC_ycLz8#v=onepage&q=second%20language%20anxiety&f=false

You may also be interested in these tips on public speaking/presentations from Mind Tools: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/PresentationNerves.htm

Welcome!

**UPDATE** Registration is still on-going, so we're not yet sure whether there will be 1 or 2 groups for first-year classes. Would all students in Oral Communication I please meet on Monday October 13 at 9am in Room 206 for the first class. Please think of 3-5 suggestions of good class discussion topics and be prepared to talk. See you then.

 

Welcome to the website for IBU English 122 Oral Communication, Group A. Please consider this site as the textbook for this course and consult it regularly for readings and information related to class discussions, assignments and exams. 

Please also feel free to leave comments, suggestions, questions and helpful links related to the discussion topics.

**Please note: all students in this course (and other 1st year courses) must have an informal assessment to determine which group they will be in for this class, as well as Reading & Writing and Listening & Pronunciation. If you have not seen Ms. Wray and/or Ms. Cunniffe for your placement test or do not know which group you should be in, please speak to one of them as soon as possible.

Here are some more details about how Oral Communication classes will be structured:

Wondering how to do well in Oral Communications? Here's a summary of the requirements and expectations listed in the syllabus and discussed in class:

1. Come to class regularly

2. Do your work. When you're supposed to.

3. If you have a question or a problem, ask about it. The earlier the better.

This is a speaking class, so it's essential that the instructor hear you speak in order to evaluate your skills in spoken English and how you are progressing. There will be 2 short speech assignments during class, in addition to speaking exams (midterm and final), but class participation also makes up a huge portion of your grade (30%). Remember that class participation is not the same as attendance. While you cannot participate if you're not present, just showing up for class but not contributing to the discussion will not earn you any class participation points, either. The evaluation rubric for participation can be found below; your participation grade will consider your interaction with peers, contribution to class, preparedness, use of English and level of participation.

Due dates will be strictly enforced. Students will have advance notice of assignments, exams and weekly discussion topics and everyone is expected to complete their work at the scheduled time. If you will be absent for some reason, it's your responsibility to inform the instructor as soon as possible and make alternate arrangements.

Finally, please ask if you have any questions or problems during the course. I am happy to help but need to know what it is you need help with. Also remember that dealing with issues as they arise is much better than waiting til the end of the term; by then, it is often too late to make alternate arrangements. Please be proactive.

Have a great term, everybody.

CLASS PARTICIPATION RUBRIC AND GUIDE
	4	3	2	1	Totals:
Peer Interaction	Actively supports, engages, and listens to peers/teacher	Makes a sincere effort to interact with peers/teacher	Limited interaction with peers/teacher	Virtually no interaction with peers/teacher
Preparation	Arrives fully prepared at every class session	Arrives mostly, if not fully, prepared	Preparation is inconsistent	Rarely or never prepared
Participation	Plays an active role in discussions	Participates constructively in discussions	When prepared, participates constructively in discussions	Comments vague if given; frequently demonstrates lack of interest
Contribution to Class	Comments advance level and depth of dialogue	Relevant comments are based on assigned material	When prepared, relevant comments are based on assignments	Demonstrates a noticeable lack of interest
Use of English	Always speaks in English; incorporates new vocabulary and initiates English conversations.	Usually responds to teacher and peers in English. Makes some attempt at more complex speech.	Gives basic responses in English but does not attempt more complex communication.	Answers teacher and peers in native language; makes minimal effort to speak English in class.

YOU MAY POSITIVELY AFFECT YOUR PARTICIPATION GRADE BY:

1. Becoming more active in class, asking thoughtful questions, and/or making more effective comments that raise overall level of discussion and engage your peers.

2. Listening carefully to, supporting, and engaging your peers in discussion. This will improve others’ learning experience.

YOU MAY NEGATIVELY AFFECT YOUR PARTICIPATION GRADE BY:

1. Not attending class regularly, even if you meet attendance requirements. You cannot contribute if you are not present.

2. Dominating class discussions, thereby restricting others’ participation or making negative or disrespectful comments.

3. Disrupting others’ opportunity to listen and/or participate.

4. Using electronic devices during class unless instructed to do so.

 Adapted by L. Wray from http://esl-winslow.wikispaces.com/, accessed 16 February 2013. Originally from The Teaching Professor, March 2005; and from Class Participation Rubric, by Bill Heller, http://web.cortland.edu/flteach/BillHeller-Participation-Rubric-AB.html . Accessed 16 February 2013.